Primary infection

The first phase after infection with HIV is called primoinfection. In this phase, most people experience flu-like symptoms.

What is primary infection? 

Primary infection is the first phase after transmission of HIV and can last up to three months. At this stage, the virus is highly contagious and multiplies rapidly as the body is not yet equipped with antibodies to defend itself. Many do not realise that they have HIV at this stage.

What are the signs of primary infection? 

There are signs that can indicate an HIV infection. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to your body after unprotected anal or vaginal sex. In most cases, flu-like symptoms will occur within the first 14 days after infection. Common symptoms during primary HIV infection (in isolation or combination):

  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Tiredness or malaise
  • Heavy night sweats
  • Diarrhoea
  • Swollen tonsils or lymph nodes
  • Muscle aches
  • Skin rash

These symptoms are possibly, but not necessarily, a sign of HIV infection. Just as their severity can vary from person to person, it can be a few days or several weeks before these symptoms subside. Some people do not show any symptoms.

What should I do if I have symptoms? 

It is wise to take an HIV test after a potential exposure.